A large swarm of bats flies out of a rocky cave opening surrounded by scrubland

Bracken Cave is more than 100 feet deep.

Courtesy of Jonathan Alonzo/Bat Conservation International (cave); Courtesy of Bruce D Taubert/Bat Conservation International (bat)

Standards

To the Bat Cave!

The world’s largest bat colony lives in a cave in Texas.

Jim McMahon/Mapman®

At sunset, a sound like heavy rainfall fills the air near a city in Texas. But the noise isn’t from a storm. It’s created by the beating wings of more than 15 million bats as they swarm out of Bracken Cave near San Antonio. The underground cave is home to the largest colony of bats in the world. 

On summer evenings, visitors gather to watch the bats put on a spectacular show. As they pour out of the cave, they form what looks like a tornado.

“That swirling bat-nado, as we call it, creates a little bit of a breeze,” says Fran Hutchins, the director of the Bracken Cave Preserve. “Then you get this river of bats at the top of the trees.”

Bracken Cave
Watch a video to see Bracken Cave up close.

Hanging Out

Courtesy of Bruce D Taubert/Bat Conservation International

A Mexican free-tailed bat’s wingspan is about 1 foot.

All the adult bats at Bracken Cave are female Mexican free-tailed bats. They live there from March to October, giving birth before migrating south to Mexico. The pups and their mothers spend their days hanging upside down from the ceiling. 

“A space the size of a sheet of notebook paper has hundreds of bats hanging from it,” Hutchins explains.

Visitors to the cave smell it before they see it. That’s because the floor is covered with a pile of guano, or bat poop, that’s nearly 100 feet high. 

Hunting at Night

It can take all those bats up to four hours to empty out of the foul-smelling cave. Then they spend much of the night hunting. The winged predators gobble up more than 300,000 pounds of insects each night. By feasting on mosquitoes and crop-eating pests such as moths and beetles, bats reduce farmers’ need to use pesticides. 

Though many people think bats are creepy, Hutchins says there’s no reason to fear them. 

“They have no desire to chase us or do anything that you see in the movies,” he says. 

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