A silverback gorilla in the foreground with a group of gorillas resting in green vegetation

Mountain gorillas live in groups of up to 25 that are led by an adult male, called a silverback.

Thomas Marent/Minden Pictures 

Standards

Meet a Gorilla Doctor

Nelson Bukamba is part of a team of veterinarians working to protect endangered mountain gorillas.

As You Read, Think About: What are some challenges the Gorilla Doctors face?

Courtesy © Gorilla Doctors

Nelson Bukamba

Deep in the rainforest of Uganda, a male mountain gorilla was in trouble. It was June 2025, and the gorilla had gotten his wrist caught in a wire snare, or trap, on the ground. Now the great ape was high up in a tree. He was pulling at the snare, clearly in pain. If the snare wasn’t removed, it could cause an infection, and the gorilla might lose his hand. 

Fortunately, a team of veterinarians had been watching the injured ape for hours. When he finally came down, the team sprang into action. A vet cut the wire, then cleaned the wound and treated it with medication. The gorilla was soon back to his usual self.

These vets are part of a group called the Gorilla Doctors. They work in three countries in East Africa, where fewer than 1,100 endangered mountain gorillas are left in the wild. The death of even one gorilla is a huge loss.

“Our slogan is ‘Saving a species, one gorilla at a time,’” explains Nelson Bukamba. He’s one of the veterinarians who assisted during the snare rescue. “Every individual in this population matters.” 

It was June 2025, and a male mountain gorilla was in trouble. He was deep in the rainforest of Uganda. The gorilla had gotten his wrist caught in a wire snare, or trap, on the ground. Now the great ape was high up in a tree. He was pulling at the snare, clearly in pain. If the snare wasn’t removed, it could cause an infection. The gorilla might lose his hand.

Luckily, a team of veterinarians had been watching the ape for hours. When he finally came down, the team sprang into action. A vet cut the wire and treated the wound. The gorilla was soon back to his usual self.

These vets are part of a group called the Gorilla Doctors. They work in three countries in East Africa. There, fewer than 1,100 endangered mountain gorillas live in the wild. The death of even one gorilla is a huge loss.

“Our slogan is ‘Saving a species, one gorilla at a time,’” says Nelson Bukamba. He’s one of the vets who helped during the snare rescue. “Every individual in this population matters.”

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Watch a video to learn more about these mammals.

Gorillas in Danger

Jim McMahon/Mapman®

Bukamba works in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. It is one of the last refuges for mountain gorillas. The other is along the mountainous border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (see map). Many of the other forests where the gorillas once lived have been turned into farmland. Wars in the region have also led to many gorilla deaths. 

Today infectious diseases are one of the biggest threats to the survival of the endangered apes. Because gorillas are so closely related to humans, they can easily catch diseases from people in the park. Illnesses range from the common cold to other viruses that can be life-threatening.

Bukamba works in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. That’s in Uganda. It is one of the last two refuges for mountain gorillas. The other is on the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (see map). The gorillas once lived in other forests too. But many of those have been turned into farmland. Wars in the area have also led to many gorilla deaths.

Today infectious diseases are one of the biggest threats to the apes. Gorillas are closely related to humans. So they can easily catch diseases from people in the park. Illnesses range from the common cold to other viruses. Some can be life-threatening.

Courtesy © Gorilla Doctors

A vet removes a wire snare from a gorilla’s hand.

Gorilla Guardians

Bukamba and three other vets spend several days a week checking on the health of the gorillas in Bwindi. They start as early as 3 a.m., driving into the park and then trekking through the thick forests. 

The vets monitor the gorillas from a safe distance to avoid stressing out the animals. They watch closely for any signs of injury or illness. 

The Gorilla Doctors intervene only when they determine that an ape is at serious risk. Even then, the vets use extreme caution because gorillas can be difficult patients. 

Last year, a huge male gorilla was in danger of losing his left eye from an infection. He is known to get aggressive when he feels threatened, so the vets decided on an unusual treatment. Bukamba used a dart gun to shoot medication into the gorilla’s skin from nearly 50 feet away. The plan worked, and the gorilla eventually recovered. 

Working directly on a patient, such as during a snare rescue, requires a different strategy. To protect the gorillas and themselves, the vets use tranquilizer darts to knock out the apes before treating them. But the patients never leave the wild. The Gorilla Doctors like to say the forest is their hospital.

Bukamba and three other vets check on the gorillas in Bwindi several days a week. They start as early as 3 a.m. They drive into the park and then trek through the thick forests.

The vets monitor the gorillas from a safe distance. This is to avoid stressing out the animals. They watch closely for any signs of injury or illness.

The Gorilla Doctors intervene only when they believe an ape is at serious risk. Even then, the vets use extreme caution. That’s because gorillas can be difficult patients.

Last year, a huge gorilla was in danger of losing his left eye. He had an infection. He is known to get aggressive when he feels threatened. So the vets decided on an unusual treatment. Bukamba used a dart gun to shoot medication into the gorilla’s skin. He was nearly 50 feet away from the ape. The plan worked, and the gorilla recovered.

Working directly on a patient, like during a snare rescue, requires a different plan. The vets use tranquilizer darts to knock out the apes before treating them. That protects both the gorillas and the vets. But the patients never leave the wild. The Gorilla Doctors like to say the forest is their hospital.

Courtesy © Gorilla Doctors

A Gorilla Doctor examines a young patient in Rwanda.

Hope for the Future

The tireless work of the Gorilla Doctors is having a big impact. Mountain gorillas are the only great ape species whose numbers have grown in recent years. 

Last year, the Gorilla Doctors took part in the first gorilla census, or official count, in Bwindi since 2018. They hope the results, when released, will show that the gorilla population is still growing. In the meantime, Bukamba says he’s proud to care for these majestic apes.

“I find myself very lucky to be contributing to the work of restoring the population,” he says.

The Gorilla Doctors are having a big impact. Mountain gorillas are the only great ape species that has grown in numbers recently.

Last year, the Gorilla Doctors took part in a gorilla census, or official count, in Bwindi. It was the first census since 2018. They hope the results will show that the gorilla population is still growing. In the meantime, Bukamba says he’s proud to care for these majestic apes.

“I find myself very lucky to be contributing to the work of restoring the population,” he says.

1. What does the author mean when he writes that “the death of even one gorilla is a huge loss”?

2. Based on the article, describe three threats that mountain gorillas have faced.

3. How does the author support the claim that the work of the Gorilla Doctors is having a big impact?

1. What does the author mean when he writes that “the death of even one gorilla is a huge loss”?

2. Based on the article, describe three threats that mountain gorillas have faced.

3. How does the author support the claim that the work of the Gorilla Doctors is having a big impact?

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