Illustration of the Titanic

Illustration by Mark Oliver

Inside the Titanic

The story of the Titanic began years before its one and only voyage. Construction of the massive ocean liner started in 1909. Over the course of more than two years, thousands of men worked on the ship. Many worked six days a week, from early morning until late evening. 

Building the world’s biggest ship was dangerous work. Eight men died, and more than 200 were injured. In the end, they turned thousands of thick sheets of steel into a floating palace. 

With the most advanced safety features at the time, the Titanic was thought to be unsinkable. Sadly, that was not the case. On April 14, 1912, the ship’s steel hull, or frame, scraped an iceberg. Some of the ship’s iron rivets popped out, and water gushed into the lower compartments. Before long, the Titanic could no longer stay afloat. 

Take a look inside the mighty ship to find out more about what happened on the night it sank.

Calls for Help

In the Marconi room, radio operators sent and received messages using a machine called a wireless telegraph. At about 10:55 p.m. on April 14, crew member Jack Phillips (below) received the last of several warnings about icebergs nearby. But he was so busy that he ignored the alert. 

When the ship hit an iceberg, Phillips quickly sent out distress calls to other ships. Thanks to him, a ship called the Carpathia arrived hours later and rescued hundreds of survivors. Unfortunately, Phillips wasn’t one of them. 

Maurice Savage/Alamy Stock Photo (message); Universal Images Group/Getty Images (Jack Phillips)

Jack Phillips (left); A telegram sent from the Titanic asking another ship for help 

On the Lookout

The ship’s lookouts that night, Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee, were high above the deck on a platform called the crow’s nest. At around 11:40 p.m., Fleet spotted an iceberg. He rang a bell and made a telephone call to warn the captain and crew. But it was too late—the Titanic was too close to the iceberg to avoid it.

A Frantic Escape

At first, most passengers didn’t realize how much damage the iceberg had caused. Once it was clear that the ship might sink, people scrambled to get into lifeboats. 

But many frightened passengers soon realized they had no way to escape. The ship had only enough lifeboats to carry about half the people on board. To make matters worse, many of the boats were launched before they were full. Only about 700 people made it into lifeboats.

Carl Simon/United Archives/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

The ocean temperature was 28 degrees Fahrenheit, about as cold as an ice cube. It was cold enough to kill someone in 15 minutes.

First-Class Cabins: Key to Survival

Passengers were separated into three classes: first, second, and third. First-class guests not only had the best rooms (below) but also the best chance of survival. First-class cabins were located near the top of the ship, close to the lifeboats. There were no lifeboats near the third-class cabins. Passengers in the lower decks had to find their way through a maze of staircases to reach the top of the ship.

Godong/Universal Images Group via Getty Images 

1. Based on the article, describe one decision or action that likely contributed to the tragedy.

2. Why didn’t passengers get in the Titanic’s lifeboats right away?

3. Which class of passengers suffered the greatest loss of life in the disaster? Why?

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