A 3-D printer is different from one that uses ink and paper. It uses materials such as plastic or metal to create solid objects that are three-dimensional, which means they have length, width, and height.
Modern 3-D printing has many advantages over traditional manufacturing, which typically involves making the same object over and over again. With a 3-D printer, you can customize the object that’s being created.
“You can update and change your designs in minutes and test the changes the same day,” explains LaChappelle.
Also, 3-D printing enables people to make things when and where they need them. That can save time and money—on Earth and beyond. NASA, the U.S. space agency, sends about 7,000 pounds of spare parts to the International Space Station (ISS) each year. Shipping goods from Earth to space costs about $10,000 a pound. What if astronauts could simply print supplies as needed? NASA has been testing 3-D printers on the ISS since 2014.
Another benefit of 3-D printing is that it creates less waste than traditional manufacturing. The printers use just enough material to make an object without any scraps left over.
These printers can also create complex shapes that many machines can’t. This allows people—and animals—to get prosthetic limbs that are customized for their bodies. Doctors hope to eventually 3-D print human organs.