Life in Space

On November 2, 2000, a space shuttle carrying three astronauts docked at their temporary home: the International Space Station (ISS). Since then, rotating crews of astronauts have lived on the giant space laboratory for months at a time. In the past 20 years, the ISS has grown from a few small sections, called modules, to a station the size of a football field.

On the ISS, the pull of gravity is much weaker, causing people—and anything that’s not screwed or strapped down—to float. Astronauts on the space station conduct experiments to understand how the low-gravity environment affects their bodies and everything around them. Their research could help future space travelers prepare for much longer missions, such as a trip to Mars. 

So what’s it like to live and work more than 200 miles above Earth? We asked astronaut Christina Koch, who knows better than anyone. In February, she returned home after spending 328 consecutive days on the ISS—the longest space mission ever by a woman.

On November 2, 2000, a space shuttle carrying three astronauts docked at their temporary home. It was the International Space Station (ISS). Since then, rotating crews of astronauts have lived on the giant space laboratory for months at a time. In the past 20 years, the ISS has grown. It used to have only a few small sections, called modules. Today, it’s the size of a football field.

On the ISS, the pull of gravity is much weaker than on Earth. As a result, anything on the ISS that’s not screwed or strapped down floats. That includes people. Astronauts on the space station conduct experiments. They’re trying to understand how the low-gravity environment affects their bodies and everything around them. Their research could help future space travelers prepare for much longer missions. That might include a trip to Mars. 

So what’s it like to live and work more than 200 miles above Earth? We asked astronaut Christina Koch. She knows better than anyone. In February, she returned home after spending 328 consecutive days on the ISS. It was the longest space mission ever by a woman.

Astronauts on the ISS have completed more than 3,000 research projects. They’ve studied everything from Earth’s weather patterns to how to grow different foods in space. 

Because the ISS is basically one big science lab, there’s little separation between where astronauts sleep and where they work.

“Wake up, come out of your bedroom, and, boom, you’re in the workplace,” Koch says.

Astronauts on the ISS have completed more than 3,000 research projects. They’ve studied everything from Earth’s weather patterns to how to grow different foods in space. 

The ISS is basically one big science lab. That means there’s little separation between where astronauts sleep and where they work.

“Wake up, come out of your bedroom, and, boom, you’re in the workplace,” Koch says.

Koch says it takes time to acclimate to living in near weightlessness. She had to learn to be upside down and get used to feeling like the floor was the ceiling.

“It’s actually a lot of fun, as long as you don’t mind looking silly,” she says. 

At bedtime, astronauts zip themselves into sleeping bags strapped to walls or ceilings. Their arms are free to float in front of them—which Koch says can make them look like zombies!

Koch says it takes time to acclimate to living in near weightlessness. She had to learn to be upside down. She also had to get used to feeling like the floor was the ceiling.

“It’s actually a lot of fun, as long as you don’t mind looking silly,” she says. 

At bedtime, astronauts zip themselves into sleeping bags strapped to walls or ceilings. Their arms are free to float in front of them.  Koch says this can make them look like zombies!

In October 2019, Koch and fellow astronaut Jessica Meir became the first all-female team to conduct a spacewalk. They put on spacesuits that allowed them to breathe in space and then went outside the ISS to install a battery.

“It almost feels like you’re just hanging or falling,” Koch says. “But you’re not—you’re attached to the space station.”

In October 2019, Koch and fellow astronaut Jessica Meir made history. They became the first all-female team to conduct a spacewalk. They put on spacesuits that allowed them to breathe in space. Then they went outside the ISS to install a battery.

“It almost feels like you’re just hanging or falling,” Koch says. “But you’re not. You’re attached to the space station.”

The ISS doesn’t have refrigerators, so most food is freeze-dried and lasts for months. Food would float off plates, so astronauts eat most of their meals from pouches. What about drinks? 

“Our urine actually gets turned back into our drinking water!” Koch explains. 

Don’t worry. It goes through a special filtration system first.

The ISS doesn’t have refrigerators. So most food is freeze-dried and lasts for months. Food would float off plates, so astronauts eat most meals from pouches. What about drinks? 

“Our urine actually gets turned back into our drinking water!” Koch explains. 

Don’t worry. It goes through a special filtration system first.